Wildlife History Of Nepal

History and Status:

A. Before 1955:

•      WL resources are plenty

•      No concern for WL protection

•      Rana protect and conserve the forest as well as WL for their hunting purpose

B. 1951-1955 (King Tribhuvan Era):

•      No significant work in WL conservation

•      Only organized hunting in yearly basis

C. 1^st to 4^th five year plans: 1956-1975 (King Mahendra era):

•      Most work was initiated and done in WL conservation and protection.

1957	Nationalization of forest act 1957 (2013) Proposed Chitwan for protection Made and passed cos\nstitution of WL protection Act, 1957 This may be regarded as the initial effect in WL conservation in Nepal
1961	Increasing the Gainda poaching in Chitwan, result  of that Gainda gasti was established
1964	For Rhino protection purpose, Chitwan was declared as rhino Century
1969	Under the WL protection Act, 6 Royal hunting reserve in terai and one on mountain was gazette
1970	Mahendra Proclaimed Chitwan as a 1st National Park Nepal Nature Conservation Society established to: Encourage and support conservation and management of natural environment
1972	Under the support of UNDP and FAO the government started the Park and WL conservation project with the objective of: 1.      Develop Pas and Conservation laws 2.      Propose and survey of PAs and develop list of protected and hunting species.
1973	Marks an important date Passed NP and WL conservation Act, 1973  (Nepal’s 1st conservation laws, the act allow for: 1.      4 types of Pas (NP, WLR, HR and SNR), Department of NP and WL resources 2.      Special power to warden 3.      Allowed thatch grass cutting in Terai 4.      Listed hunting and endangered species (Mammals-20, and Birds-4) 5.      Allowed hunting for wild boar Gazetted of RCNP as 1st National Park of Nepal Tiger Ecology project was stated
1974	Department of SCWM, that added the conservation of WL habitat National Committee for Man and Biosphere establish Military Protection of PAs, only limited responsibility to them
D	5th and 6th five years plans (1974-1985)
1975	Natural History Museum established in KTM for: 1.      Environment and nature conservation 2.      Education and awareness 3.      Nepal became state party member of CITES 4.      Protection responsibility was given to Royal Nepal Army 5.      Management Plan of Chitwan, Langtang, Rara, Bardiya and Khaptad prepared
1976	Establishment and gazette of Langtang NP, Rara NP, Bardia WLR and Koshitappu WLR and Suklaphanta WLR represent the contry different ecological zone.
1978	Nepal became state party of World heritage Convention All Hahisar were recognized and transported to DNPWC Ghariyal Breeding Centre was established in Kasra, Chitwan
1979	Nepal organized 1st Phsesant symposium in Kathmandu Sagarmatha NP was declared as WH sites Established Elephant breeding cnter in Khorsor, Sauraha
1980	Department of NP was established as full phase
1981	Shey-phoksundo NP established Diploma in Forestry started at IOF, Pokhara
1982	KMTNC was established as a 1st NGO for nature conservation
1983	NP act 2nd amendment took place
1984	Khaptad NP, Parsa WLR and Dhorpatan HR field office established and Parsa and Khaptad was gazette RCNP was declared in HW sites
E	Seventh Five-year Plan (1985-1990)
1985	UNDP/FAO/HMG parks and Pas monitoring projects began to: 1.      Monitor nationwide wildlife population 2.      Developed environmental program 3.      ACAP was constituted/established under the KMTNC
1986	Shovapuri watershed and WL reserve established
1987	Preparation of NCS, this is the 1st policy for BD conservation DHR was Gazetted and KTWR declared as 1st Ramsar site under Ramsar Convention in Nepal
1988	MPFS was prepared to conserve ecosystem and genetic resources
1991	Makalu Barun NP and CA established (In 2000, CA converted into BZ areas)
F	Eight five-year plan (1992-1997)
1192	Environmental Protection Council was established for policy  formulation and coordination of BD conservation Nepal signed the convention of BD in Rio Earth Summit GEF was set up to work on BD conservation 4th amendment of NPWC Act where BZ provision was included and passed
1993	NEPAP-1 was prepared, WWF filed office was established in KTM Rhino Action Plan was prepared by DNPWC
1994	Park People Project started in terai Pas, BZ of 5 Pas Nepal became state party in CBD Rhino Count took Place (544)
1995	BD Profile reports
1996	BZ regulation was Gazetted  and Manaslu CAP was established BZ of Chitwan and Bardiya declared
G	Ninth Five-Year Plan (1197-2002)
1997	KCA was declared Bardiya Research Project on Tiger, Elephant and Ghariyal Established (NORAD)
1998	Shey Phoksundo and Langtang BZ declared PP Project was extended to Rara and Khaptad NP Collaborative management of pAs system began Tiger action Plan was prepared
1999	Makalu Barun BZ Gazetted Management Strategy Framwork of 9 NP’s and WR conducted (ZOPP)
2000	Rhino count was conducted (Chitwan-612 and Bardiya-64) GIS database of NP prepared almost Terai parks (except Suklaphanta) WWF started TAL scheme established and field office in Bardiya setup
2002	Shivapuri NP gazette, Sagarmatha BZ gazette
H	Tenth five Year plan (2002 onwards)
2003	Ghodahgodi, Bishazari tal and Jagdishpur reservoir in Ramsar sites
2004	Koshitappu BZ declared
2005	Parsa WR and Suklaphanta BZ declared Rhino Count in Chitwan (372)
2006	Rhino action plan (2006-11) Shey Phoksundo NP and BZ mgt. plan (2006-11) Sukla Phanta WLR and BZ mgt plan (2006-11) WWF-snow leopard conservation action strategy for Himalayan region (2006)
2009	Vulture conservation action plan of Nepal (2009-11) WL damage relief guidelines 2066 BS (2009) Declared: Krishnasar CA
2010	Declared: Api nampa CA, Gaurishankar CA, Banke NP Tiber count: 155
2011	Rhino cont: In chitwan -145M, 183F, 175 sex not identified (332 adult, 60 sub adult, 111 calf) total 503 In Bardiya-5M, 9F, 10 sex not identified (15 A, 4SA, 5C) total 24 In Sukla – 2M, 2F, 3 sex not identified (4 A, 2 SA, 1 C) total 7 In total Rhino in Nepal : 534
2012	(2011-12) Tiger count: in Nepal, tiger in Nepal is 176